I finally got around to upgrading to Utopic. A year ago I reported that gnome-settings-daemon no longer provided keygrabbing support. This was eventually reverted for Trusty, which kept everyone’s media keys.
I’m sorry to report that in Ubuntu Utopic, the legacy keygrabber is no more:
------------------------------------------------------------
revno: 4015 [merge]
author: William Hua <william.hua@canonical.com>
committer: Tarmac
branch nick: trunk
timestamp: Tue 2014-02-18 18:22:53 +0000
message:
Revert the legacy key grabber. Fixes: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1226962.
It appears that the Unity team has forked gnome-settings-daemon into unity-settings-daemon (actually this fork happened in Trusty), and as of Utopic gnome-settings-daemon and gnome-control-center have been gutted in favor of unity-settings-daemon and unity-control-center. Which puts us back in the same situation as a year ago.
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Subtyping is one of those concepts that seems to makes sense when you first learn it (“Sure, convertibles are a subtype of vehicles, because all convertibles are vehicles but not all vehicles are convertibles”) but can quickly become confusing when function types are thrown into the mix. For example, if a is a subtype of b, is (a -> r) -> r a subtype of (b -> r) -> r? (If you know the answer to this question, this blog post is not for you!) When we asked our students this question, invariably some were lead astray. True, you can mechanically work it out using the rules, but what’s the intuition?
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One of the major open problems for building a module system in Haskell is the treatment of type classes, which I have discussed previously on this blog. I’ve noted how the current mode of use in type classes in Haskell assume “global uniqueness”, which is inherently anti-modular; breaking this assumption risks violating the encapsulation of many existing data types.
As if we have a choice.
In fact, our hand is forced by the presence of open type families in Haskell, which are feature many similar properties to type classes, but with the added property that global uniqueness is required for type safety. We don’t have a choice (unless we want type classes with associated types to behave differently from type classes): we have to figure out how to reconcile the inherent non-modularity of type families with the Backpack module system.
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Update. Want to know more about Backpack? Read the specification
So perhaps you’ve bought into modules and modularity and want to get to using Backpack straightaway. How can you do it? In this blog post, I want to give a tutorial-style taste of how to program Cabal in the Backpack style. These examples are executable, but you’ll have to build custom versions of GHC and Cabal to build them. Comments and suggestions would be much appreciated; while the design here is theoretically well-founded, for obvious reasons, we don’t have much on-the-ground programmer feedback yet.
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Why are there so many goddamn package managers? They sprawl across both operating systems (apt, yum, pacman, Homebrew) as well as for programming languages (Bundler, Cabal, Composer, CPAN, CRAN, CTAN, EasyInstall, Go Get, Maven, npm, NuGet, OPAM, PEAR, pip, RubyGems, etc etc etc). “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a programming language must be in want of a package manager.” What is the fatal attraction of package management that makes programming language after programming language jump off this cliff? Why can’t we just, you know, reuse an existing package manager?
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This summer, I’ve been working at Microsoft Research implementing Backpack, a module system for Haskell. Interestingly, Backpack is not really a single monolothic feature, but, rather, an agglomeration of small, infrastructural changes which combine together in an interesting way. In this series of blog posts, I want to talk about what these individual features are, as well as how the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
But first, there’s an important question that I need to answer: What’s a module system good for anyway? Why should you, an average Haskell programmer, care about such nebulous things as module systems and modularity. At the end of the day, you want your tools to solve specific problems you have, and it is sometimes difficult to understand what problem a module system like Backpack solves. As tomejaguar puts it: “Can someone explain clearly the precise problem that Backpack addresses? I’ve read the paper and I know the problem is ‘modularity’ but I fear I am lacking the imagination to really grasp what the issue is.”
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Hello loyal readers: Inside 206-105 has a new theme! I’m retiring Manifest, which was a pretty nice theme but (1) the text size was too small and (2) I decided I didn’t really like the fonts, I’ve reskinned my blog with a theme based on Brent Jackson’s Ashley, but ported to work on Wordpress. I hope you like it, and please report any rendering snafus you might notice on older pages. Thanks!
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Today, I’d like to talk about some of the core design principles behind type classes, a wildly successful feature in Haskell. The discussion here is closely motivated by the work we are doing at MSRC to support type classes in Backpack. While I was doing background reading, I was flummoxed to discover widespread misuse of the terms “confluence” and “coherence” with respect to type classes. So in this blog post, I want to settle the distinction, and propose a new term, “global uniqueness of instances” for the property which people have been colloquially referred to as confluence and coherence.
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tl;dr The scope of backtracking try should be minimized, usually by placing it inside the definition of a parser.
Have you ever written a Parsec parser and gotten a really uninformative error message? :
"test.txt" (line 15, column 7):
unexpected 'A'
expecting end of input
The line and the column are randomly somewhere in your document, and you’re pretty sure you should be in the middle of some stack of parser combinators. But wait! Parsec has somehow concluded that the document should be ending immediately. You noodle around and furthermore discover that the true error is some ways after the actually reported line and column.
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